Now, deepfake technologies—new automatic computer-graphics or machine-learning systems—can synthesize images. It will not make you dance directly, but it will make you dance as if you are moving. Dataset Preparation A brief introduction. A study shows 96 percent of deepfake videos were non-consensual pornography. Rashmika Mandanna's deepfake video was shared on the internet three weeks before the calls for stringent laws to regulate artificial intelligence (AI) content began on X (formerly Twitter). So, these are a few things that can help you to spot deepfakes and limit misinformation. But no federal law criminalizes the creation or sharing of non-consensual deepfake porn in the United States. 7. Further sections talk about these in detail and some of their modifications. Broadcast associate, Emilio Almonte. Deep learning, a subfield of machine learning, refers to the use of neural networks with multiple hidden layers, allowing them to. In a frightening use of deepfake technology, scammers are using AI-powered audio and video to pass themselves off as their targets' relatives or loved ones in real time. Since first appearing in 2018, deepfake. , deepfake generation methods) and the defenders (i. So was the video of Donald Trump taunting Belgium for remaining in the Paris climate agreement and Barack Obama’s public service announcement as posted by. Deepfakes related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine represent the first instances in which deepfakes. The potential for video maker and character changes is unlimited. Lastly, the model generates new audio that. 9 million by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 36. To counterbal-ance the Asian demographics underrepresented in the exist-ing deepfake detection databases, the participants of KoDFTop 10 Best Deepfake Apps. That is why we provide an accessible online software via our website and mobile applications where you can create unlimited deepfake videos with the face of anyone you want. The app lets you blend these elements to produce a cheerful deepfake. Then, the discriminator evaluates the content for realism and feeds its findings back into the generator for further refinement. The ability to create deepfakes has evolved rapidly, which brings both opportunities and threats. Next, we’ll run each of the blocks of Python code below to get our notebook up and running. 2, it can be seen that one face image can be sequentially manipulated with different number of steps (from minimum 1 step to maximum 5 steps), which leads to facial. Comment. Naga Chaitanya Supports Rashmika Amid Deepfake Video Row; Sam. Laura Barrón-López discussed this with Nina Jankowicz. Paromita Pain, an assistant professor of. New approaches are emerging, however, that can separate fact from fiction. 22, 2023. Published on Jan. Faceswap. But the concern is. Alia Bhatt and Ranbir Kapoor were clicked together at Rishi Kapoor's residence in the city. is true to life. Importantly, we found no significant correlation between baseline levels of trust in news on social media and uncertainty ( z 1 = −0. Oh documented more than a dozen examples. 4. MrDeepFakes is the largest deepfake community still actively running, and is dedicated to the members of the deepfake community. Deep Fake is a deep learning. Whether deepfake fraud presents itself as the Elon Musk video mentioned earlier or the phone call described above, the result is the same. All you require are a source image (e. Importantly, we found no significant correlation between baseline levels of trust in news on social media and uncertainty ( z 1 = −0. My Heritage. An audio deepfake is when a "cloned" voice that is potentially indistinguishable from the real person's is used to produce synthetic audio. Since the availability of medical images is limited, it is difficult to collect sufficiently large. A lawsuit is also unlikely to stand up in civil court. Here are just a few serious examples of how AI deepfake technology poses a real threat. A deepfake website that generates “nude” images of women using artificial intelligence is spreading its murky tentacles across the web—spawning look-alike services through partner agreements. As AI technology continues to advance, so too will the sophistication of deepfake attacks. twitter. Deepfake videos, though not new, are becoming more sophisticated due to technological advancements. “Can we build an AI deepfake detector?” was the initial idea when work started four years ago on one such effort to create a standard for online images, says Dana Rao, general counsel and. Deepfake media have already been used to commit crimes from harassment to fraud, and their use in crimes will likely expand. Recently, a Google Alert informed me that I am the subject of deepfake pornography. All you need to know. (For top technology news of the day, subscribe to our. Users of the app have become accustomed to the “deep nostalgia” feature because it allows them to snap some old photos. Now you can take just a few seconds and create incredible videos that look like professionals made them. This viral video of Rashmika Mandanna’s deepfake controversy depicts an uncannily convincing transformation, as an unknown woman’s face morphs seamlessly into that of Rashmika Mandanna as she is seen entering an elevator in a black dress with a plunging neckline. The tutorial summarizes recent Deepfake detection techniques and evaluates their effectiveness with respect to several benchmark datasets. For more than a year, I have been the target of a widespread online harassment campaign, and. You can. The picture that went viral was taken during a secret vacation they went on in November last year; it’s just that the picture got leaked now,” reveals a source close to the couple. Going in with higher res images can sometimes lead to unexpected results, but sometimes it works too so do whatever you want. Aug. Since photorealistic faces can be readily generated by facial manipulation technologies nowadays, potential malicious abuse of these technologies has drawn great concerns. NYPost Composite. Make sure the runtime is set to GPU. The deepfake was creepy, and it was definitely gross, but it was a stranger’s body. Last year Meta's head of security policy, Nathaniel Gleicher, announced the takedown of a deepfake video. The latest generation of bots are using deepfake technology to evade detection, said Sam Crowther, founder and CEO of bot protection and mitigation software provider Kasada. Luke Skywalker's appearance on The Book of Boba Fett required extensive deepfake work, as a new behind-the-scenes featurette reveals in detail. The constant advancements in. Neural MMO 2. Recent advances in deepfake generation make deepfake more realistic and easier to make. -generated personas, often used for corporate trainings, were detected in a state-aligned information campaign — opening a new chapter in online manipulation. An audio deepfake (also known as voice cloning) is a type of artificial intelligence used to create convincing speech sentences that sound like specific people saying things they did not say. Deepfake generation, which focused on creating, improving and stabilizing the output resolution with the least possible amount of dataset, computational power, and training time required, and ii. While deepfakes have been around for several years, they have become more sophisticated with advancements in AI. Even moderately. Fake news. "It's like Photoshop for voice," said Zohaib Ahmed, CEO of Resemble AI, about his company's voice-cloning technology. Anyone with basic computing skills and a. In the new romantic comedy Wedding Season, Pallavi Sharda and Suraj Sharma star as two singles who pretend to date to keep their meddlesome Indian American families from hassling them to get married. Featured Tool. According to the report, Samantha’s PR team was behind the rumours about Chaitanya dating actor Sobhita. The deepfake technology in the video was created by Deep Voodoo, a studio led by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, who created South Park. China has launched new rules around deepfakes and the European. Compare the audio quality with the visual content. DreamSim: Learning New Dimensions of Human Visual Similarity using Synthetic Data Stephanie Fu*, Netanel Y. " Sometimes it's helpful to set negative promps. The emerging world of Deepfake. The Deepfake video has been doing the rounds since a few days. Detect Fakes is a research project designed to answer these questions and identify techniques to counteract AI-generated misinformation. We’ve seen it — and fact-checked it — for. At the creation level, we can distinguish between images that are created by humans and those generated by a machine. New approaches are emerging, however, that can separate fact from fiction. Check for variations in skin tone. Deepfake is a term that describes audio and video files that have been created using artificial intelligence, "machine learning" to be more exact. It's a deepfake Mollick himself created, using artificial intelligence to generate his words, his voice and his moving image. Deep learning is an AI process that involves repeating a task over and over again, sometimes without any human. Image Source : GOOGLE Shobita in a royal look. Although synthetic, the voice is humanlike and can accurately replicate tonality, accents, cadence, and other unique characteristics. The recent Rashmika Mandanna deepfake viral video controversy stands as a stark testament to the power of artificial intelligence to deceive and disrupt. 1. Extortion scams. Cassandre Coyer. With criminals beginning to use deepfake video technology to spoof an identity in live online job interviews, security researchers have highlighted one simple. J. The average cost is around $3 per minute, while setting up a personal avatar currently. Deepfake criminals’ primary weapon is the creation of fake photographs and videos. A deepfake voice is an AI voice, often called voice cloning or synthetic voice. High-powered women such as Emma Watson. Chris Ume, a Belgian visual effects artist behind the viral deepfakes, said in an interview that he didn't mean. twitter. Both the fantasy and the deepfake are essentially virtual images produced by previous data input, only one exists in one’s head, the other on a screen. Deepfake methods intersect disciplines and industries from computer science and programming to visual. Firstly, deepfake software is widely and freely available. The CFFN encompasses several dense units with each unit including different. DEEPFAKE PENCE, NOT TRUMP. However, the following sections are majorly affected by how it works with Facewap. For more than a year, I have been the target of a widespread online harassment campaign, and. (For top technology news of the day, subscribe to our. Deep learning, a subfield of machine learning, refers to the use of neural networks with multiple hidden layers, allowing them to. Multiple real videos of politicians in recent years have been decried as deepfake leading to min conspiracy theory-filled news cycles. To generate a deepfake, the decoder for the target draws the target image with the source's latent features (expressions), and voila! We have a deepfake image. Try and paste your face on Wednesday Addams or more!On the site, deepfake porn of the 28-year-old could be found, and since then, she says her name, her face and her brand have become associated with pornography. Strange Body Shape or Movement. The term “deepfake” was created from the words “deep learning” and “fake”. Tamir*, Shobhita Sundaram*, Lucy Chai, Richard Zhang, Tali Dekel, Phillip Isola. Perhaps the most well-known deepfake is a depiction of an antic Tom Cruise performing magic tricks (and playing sports, and enjoying a Blow Pop). In the future, it plans to have practical applications in healthcare. com and Get Latest English News & Updates from Lifestyle and Fashion Section. The purpose of these forums is to provide a safe-haven without censorship, where users can learn about this new AI technology, share deepfake videos, and promote developement of deepfake apps. The. This event does not seem all that out of the ordinary, except that the executive. 딥페이크 (deepfake, 딥 러닝 (deep learning)과 가짜 (fake)의 혼성어 )는 인공 지능 을 기반으로 한 인간 이미지 합성 기술이다. Hyderabad: Actor Samantha Ruth Prabhu on Tuesday responded to a news report claiming that her PR team has fabricated the Naga Chaitanya-Sobhita Dhulipala dating rumours. Deep learning is an advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) method which uses multiple layers of machine learning algorithms to extract progressively higher-level features from raw input. And in eight minutes, at a cost of just $11, he was able to make a deepfake video of himself. The yearly option comes out cheaper though—for only. There is an urgent need. Powered by Tensorflow, Keras and Python; Faceswap will run on Windows, macOS and Linux. Deepfake video and audio had been advancing in. The deepfake technology grabbed the attention recently when a morphed video of Rashmika Mandanna went viral on social media. Recently, a Google Alert informed me that I am the subject of deepfake pornography. [1] [2] This technology was initially developed for various applications to improve human life. The fake part of the definition emphasizes the deceptive nature of deepfake media. The video circulated widely, sparking outrage and prompting Mandanna to issue a statement expressing her deep distress. Deepfake refers to realistic, but fake images, sounds, and videos generated by articial intelligence methods. Googling “free deepfake app” will deliver tons of options for editing software. Panetta and Burgund. ckpt, and mask out the visible clothing of someone. New mandates from. Make sure the runtime is set to GPU. The aim of this repository is to generate artificial chest x-ray images of 5 different pathology classes using generative adversarial networks (GANs), with the goal of improving classification accuracy for models tackling this problem space. By clicking “Accept All Cookies”, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device and the processing of information obtained via those cookies (including about your preferences, device and online activity) by us and our commercial partners to enhance site navigation, personalise ads, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. The study also suggests that. To generate a deepfake, the decoder for the target draws the target image with the source's latent features (expressions), and voila! We have a deepfake image. And if they want to take their deepfake experience to the next level, they can subscribe to the premium tier for as little as $4. Further, deepfake technology can fuel other unethical actions like creating revenge porn, where women are disproportionately harmed. This AI technology allows users to replicate a person’s own voice by training an AI model – referred to as “deep learning”. Typically, an AI is trained with a large dataset of videos or images on a certain subject or person, and it can recreate new content that uses the person's likeness. For years, women have faced sexual harassment online and with. App stores removed Facemega, a deepfake app that put Emma Watson's face in a suggestive video. Audio deepfake. Learn about our ethic. Organizations shouldn’t be complacent. The original video is 11 minutes long, but the. Endless Thread co-hosts Amory. We classify different deepfake types and identify risks and opportunities to help organizations think about the future of deepfakes. You will be provided with the most advanced AI face changing technology by Deepswap app. Here we collected some popular DeepFake apps and websites to help you out. According to 360ResearchReports, the global Deepfake Software market size will exceed $348. Deepfake porn and the tools to make it show up prominently on the company’s search engines, even without specifically searching for AI-generated content. 07. Zoom in to see if the skin texture, hair reproduction, etc. The major factors behind this growth include advancements in AI, easy accessibility of AI-based editing tools, and the increasing demand for personalized content. Today, anyone can create deepfakes relatively quickly using open-source software and. Zhang's research team is developing a new tool that may help people combat deepfake abuses, called AntiFake. Try the free deepfake generator powered by Hoodem. Respeecher. Deepfakes use AI to replace the likeness of one person with another in video or audio. Face swaps. Mandanna's response echoed the sentiments of other. book and Microsoft in the Deepfake Detection Challenge [9]. Read More Lifestyle News. The purpose of these forums is to provide a safe-haven without censorship, where users can learn about this new AI technology, share deepfake videos, and promote developement of deepfake apps. Read: The State of deepfakes, a 2019 report from Deeptrace. Amidst all that, an unseen photo of the actors has gone viral. Furthermore, it ignores the core issue that is at stake with deepfake. Introduction. This is a free and open-source Deepfake software that allows for multiple algorithms to get the expected result. We identify 586 significant protein-protein interactions (PPIs) enriched with PIONEER-predicted interface somatic mutations (termed oncoPPIs). Deepfakes are typically fake images, videos, or audio recordings. It turns out there are many subtle signs that a video has been algorithmically manipulated. Broadcast associate, Emilio Almonte. Threat to Businesses. . The deepfake app requires users to upload videos of the source and target faces, and the AI will learn and render the. Creating deepfakes can be pretty simple, depending on the app you use. e. Once the bailiwick of Hollywood special effects studios and intelligence agencies. Dr. Yet the current state of deepfake detection suggests that these fakes can be kept largely at bay. You may have seen them. Most people mocked her as a “child”, and deepfake made her look “grown-up”. Nevertheless, if you want full-on videos that will fool even the sharpest pair of eyes, creating a deepfake will take more time and skills. Deepfake videos often use AI-generated audio that may have subtle imperfections. g. The aim of this repository is to generate artificial chest x-ray images of 5 different pathology classes using generative adversarial networks (GANs), with the goal of improving classification accuracy for models tackling this problem space. Deepfake technology is used to manipulate media so that the original face in a video is replaced with a face of the user’s choice. (This number doesn’t account for duplicate membership across. Zhang's research team is developing a new tool that may help people combat deepfake abuses, called AntiFake. ai can do. Deepswap is a faceswap video editor & deepfake maker for 100% real-look gender swap, celeb deepfake, face swap GIF, etc. Rashmika Mandanna Deepfake Video: Actress' rumoured boyfriend Vijay Deverakonda breaks silence, shares a note The 'Arjun Reddy' star shared a note on his Instagram story and wrote- "Extremely important steps for the future. Thank you for your support!. Joseph Suárez, Phillip Isola, Kyoung Whan Choe, David Bloomin, Hao Xiang Li, Nikhil Pinnaparaju, Nishaanth Kanna, Daniel Scott, Ryan Sullivan, Rose S. A security firm. Deepfakes lead to automatic and self-reported attitudes that are just as strong as those established by. Deepfake (gabungan dari kata “deep learning” dan “fake”) adalah teknik untuk menempatkan gambar wajah orang “sebenarnya” dalam suatu video menjadi wajah target sehingga seolah – olah target tersebut melakukan atau mengatakan hal-hal yang dilakukan orang “sebenarnya” [1] . Imagine the impact of a deepfake Anthony Fauci video telling people. Systems designed to detect deepfakes -- videos that manipulate real-life footage via artificial intelligence -- can be deceived, computer scientists showed for the first time at the. According to the report, Samantha’s PR team was behind the rumours about Chaitanya dating actor Sobhita. Deepfake is a form of artificial intelligence (AI) that can be used to create convincing hoax images, sounds, and videos. Pritzker updated the state’s existing law against revenge pornography—sexually explicit content of a person shared online without the consent of. Face swaps. Deepfake technology allows users to make nearly anyone look like they're saying — and doing — almost anything in a video using AI. In one case in the West African country of Gabon, false. This satirical show is hosted by a character named Fred. While that can make for a funny e-card or Snapchat video , it has also proven to be severely damaging to individuals whose images were used without their consent in deepfake porn. e. FaceSwap offers two front-end pricing options, with a few upgrade options:. Synthesia. SepMark originates from encoder-decoder-based deep watermarking but with two separable decoders. For the first time, A. J. Jiggy. Try the free deepfake generator powered by Hoodem. Lyu has studied deepfakes for more than 20 years and operates a program called the DeepFake-o-meter, which tests videos for signs of alteration. Deepfake tools like DeepFaceLab, first released in 2018, are accelerating deepfake production. It’s evident also that Bob’s real profile lineaments entirely survive the deepfake process for all these models, none of which have been trained with enough good-quality profile data to be capable of either transforming the distinct boundaries of the face, or performing the inpainting necessary to simulate ‘revealed background’ (i. That seemed like a small price to pay for stardom. Face Swap - For swapping faces in real time. Compare the audio quality with the visual content. g. The first iterations of deepfakes appeared in pornography when celebrities would be spliced into scenes, but now they are being used as entertainment, as satire, or as political and propaganda weapons. Freemium. From Fig. Deepfakes can also create misinformation and confusion about important issues. 07. 16, 2023. Simpson, and Kanye West, among others. DeepFaceLab is more complex and powerful than FaceSwap but requires more technical skills. The 21st century’s answer to Photoshopping, deepfakes use a form of artificial intelligence called deep learning to make images of fake events, hence the. With just a photograph & 60 seconds of audio, you can now create a. They found that 96% of the 14,000 deepfake videos found online were porn. Deepfake means synthetic media, also known as voice cloning. Deepfake definition. A deepfake video shared on Twitter, appearing to show Russian President Vladimir Putin declaring peace, has resurfaced. It was a relatively normal list of stories for late 2020 - full of Covid-19 and pandemic response. Deepfake technology has advanced considerably, sparking concerns about its potential harms. You can use deepfake apps to create fun videos to send to friends. A "deepfake" is a video created using artificial intelligence (AI) showing real people doing and saying things they never did. Scrambling signals. Abstract. By Ryan Villarreal. 005, not significant). Synthesia claims the seventh spot on our list as a leading AI video generation platform specializing in high-quality deepfake videos. 8 billion last year, up 44 percent from 2021. You can spot. Deepfakes refer to manipulated videos or other digital representations produced by sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI), which yield fabricated images and sounds that. Image: Getty Images/Prostock-Studio. We can use the term “synthetic” to denote images that are machine-generated. But. The purpose of these forums is to provide a safe-haven without censorship, where users can learn about this new AI technology, share deepfake videos, and promote developement of deepfake apps. Deepfake technology — software that allows people to swap faces, voices and other characteristics to create digital forgeries — has been used in recent years to. Reface: Face Swap Videos - Best deepfake app by editors. In this era of digitization, cybersecurity is a significant concern globally. In: deepfake. Actress: Mayaanadhi. The term "deepfake," which was coined on a Reddit thread in 2017, is used to describe the recreation of a human's appearance or voice through artificial intelligence. That is why we provide an accessible online software via our website and mobile applications where you can create unlimited deepfake videos with the face of anyone. It takes three steps: extract, learn and merge. Oct. The process of creating a deepfake is, unfortunately, rather simple —and it’s getting easier by the day. 003, not significant). I wasn’t shocked. 1. By Tiffany Hsu. With AI, it is possible for users to generate video deepfakes that swap someone’s looks with some other person’s on screen or turn someone into saying something he will always disagree had actually come out his mouth, popularly referred as voice cloning. Deepfakes can sometimes result in unnatural body shapes or movements. Produced by Graham Messick and Jack Weingart. Upgrade #3: FaceSwap Pro: Pay an extra $297 to get 5 sub-accounts, all with unlimited credits. Makers of American Sitcom South Park have gone a step further and created a whole new series of episodes using deepfakes. Deepfake media (deepfakes) threaten public trust in video and present challenges for law enforcement with new types of investigations, evidence management, and trials. Some subtleties are explained in detail below. We present DGM 4, a large-scale dataset for studying machine-generated multi-modal media manipulation. 005, not significant). That is why we provide an accessible online software via our website and mobile applications where you can create unlimited deepfake videos with the face of anyone you want. Deepfakes are created using deep neural networks, and they depict events that never happened to entertain, defame individuals, spread fake news, and others [18]. L. Browse AI. Selective Service Act all American men ages 18 to 25 a list. #1. Picture Credits: Instagram/Rashmika Mandanna. With advancements in artificial intelligence, deepfake pornography is becoming increasingly common — and it almost exclusively targets women, write Sophie Compton and Reuben Hamlyn. shobita-276452 - Welcome to my page. Published Aug 20, 2022. Abhishek Kumar, a journalist from India, tracked. 5M Followers, 438 Following, 318 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Sobhita (@sobhitad) These measures aim to strike a balance between protecting freedom of expression and preventing malicious use of the technology. Simply copy and paste the blocks below and run them on Google. Although synthetic, the voice is humanlike and can accurately replicate tonality, accents, cadence, and other unique characteristics. Wombo. i. Fake images and videos including facial information generated by digital manipulation, in particular with DeepFake methods [1], have become a great public concern recently [2], [3]. It's a deepfake Mollick himself created, using artificial intelligence to generate his words, his voice and his moving image. Hsu et al. Using AI to Spot Deepfakes. The term, a mishmash of “deep learning” and “fake”), originates from a Reddit community in 2017 that retrofitted pornographic videos with celebrities’ faces on them, causing an ethical. This technology is called deepfake, and it is not just catching on in entertainment, but it is also a growing concern in cybersecurity. She made her acting debut with 2017 Malayalam film Njandukalude Nattil Oridavela. Deep Homage/Bob Thornton. In a longer statement posted on Twitter on Feb. Once the space dust eventually settled though, viewers were quick to point out what they saw as flaws in the digital recreation of a younger Mark Hamill. Rashmika Mandanna's deepfake video was shared on the internet three weeks before the calls for stringent laws to regulate artificial intelligence (AI) content began on X (formerly Twitter). The most famous of these tools, also known as large language models, or LLMs, is ChatGPT, a version of GPT-3 that shot to fame after its release in November last year because it was made free. To facilitate the study of detecting Seq-Deepfake, this paper contributes the first Seq-Deepfake dataset. Some lighthearted deepfake videos of celebrities have gone viral, but the most common use is for sexually explicit videos. YouTube channels specializing in deepfakes are reaching millions of viewers and the number of deepfakes on the web is doubling in the first new months. And if they want to take their deepfake experience to the next level, they can subscribe to the premium tier for as little as $4. #1. " Using deepfake, anyone can replace or mask someone else face on another person's face in an image or a video. The purpose of this survey is to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of (1) how deepfakes are created and detected, (2) the current trends and advancements in this domain, (3) the shortcomings of the. As of 2020, 48 states and Washington, D. FakeApp, for example, is a popular choice for creating deepfakes. Create any deepfake from our list of videos by adding any celebrity's face. Deep learning is a type of machine learning based on artificial neural networks, which are inspired by the. Figure 2 shows some samples in Seq-Deepfake dataset. But. The commoditization of cutting-edge tools and AI has lowered the barrier to producing these deepfakes. Shobita Parthasarathy warns that software designed to summarize, translate and write like humans might exacerbate distrust in science. Strange Body Shape or Movement. For example, limbs may appear too long or short, or the body may move in an unusual or. Turning 90 degrees eliminates half of the anchor points, which often. From Fig. Deepfakes are usually pornographic and disproportionately victimize women. GANs (generative adversarial networks, a form of AI) can learn various characteristics. The term “deepfake” comes from the combination of “deep learning,” a type of machine learning used to create the media, and “fake. And MyHeritage, a genealogy website, lets anyone use deepfake tech to bring old still photos to life. 23, 2023. A DeepFake is a manipulated video made with generative deep learning technologies, such as generative adversarial networks or auto encoders that anyone can utilize. A deepfake video of actor Rashmika Mandanna went viral on social media a few days ago, raising questions about the nuances of deepfake technology and how to spot such videos. The results are definitely not flawless and are very limited in scope in relation to the wider world of deepfakes. Our goal is to provide you with comprehensive coverage of everything deepfake-related, from insightful articles and tutorials to practical tools and reviews.